Personhood: Crash Course Philosophy #21

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Now that we’ve started talking about identity, today Hank tackles the question of personhood. Philosophers have tried to assess what constitutes personhood with a variety of different criteria, including genetic, cognitive, social, sentience, and the gradient theory. As with many of philosophy’s great questions, this has much broader implications than simple conjecture. The way we answer this question informs all sorts of things about the way we move about the world, including our views on some of our greatest social debates.

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49 Comments

  1. "..and exclude those who you think should be excluded"
    Oh boy if i were you i wouldn't encourage people to do such thing because there are peo- there are humans (?) who think exclusion of certain other humans like certain races or minorities such as the lgbt community is justified. There are humans who think someone doesn't deserve to live just because they identify as a transgender person. Encouraging people to think is important but to mindlessly shout their opinions to the void can be dangerous. I think we shouldn't encourage the thought that someone might be less of a person for who they are what they believe in or what they've done.

  2. Greek God Kratos is a Person, God of War made Him look bad. He doesn't deserve to be an outcast, who thinks that He isn't a Person is a heartless jerk. Defamation is real, Greek God Kratos is not a genocider, Justice must prevail!💖

  3. i had no idea that people debated "personhood".
    if you're a fricking human, you're a person.
    superman, chewbacca, c-3po and aliens aren't real, d'uh, so they're not really "persons".
    on the other hand, a fetus, a comatose person and a corpse are all "persons".
    btw, every other critter on earth is equal to humans (if not superior) without needing to be classified as "persons".

  4. In regards to Singers philosophy, a thought experiment
    If a scientist genetically engineers two sets of humans, one set unable to feel physical pain and other set unable to feel any emotional pain, which ones would be more human? And if a human is created which possesses neither physical nor emotional pain, would it be morally just to do anything to such a human in the name of science?

  5. I can remember a time when I was still in grade school, and the teacher was teaching us about nouns, verbs, adjectives, ect. The teacher said to us that nouns are people, places, and things. Then she wrote a list of words on the board. She then called us off,. and we where told to identify the word that she chose for us and tell why we know the word is what it is. The word she chose for me is cat. I said it's a noun, because it's a person.
    The teacher: Yes it is a noun, because it's a thing
    Me: (ಠ ʖ̯ಠ)

  6. I really think sentient beings deserve personhood! It’s far to arrogant and naive to assume personhood belongs only to the human species. If a being has the potential to grieve then it has the potential to suffer and it’s wrong to cause it to suffer (especially with gluttonous motivation)

  7. It’s simple: abortion, euthanasia and the death penalty are wrong period! Human personhood begins at conception and ends at natural death

  8. That was just dumb. Talk about a made-up concept: anthropocentric, intolerant, insignificant, rationalizing and a very slippery slope. Ask a soldier what the first skill to learn in a war – dehumanize your opponent. This presumes that the only thing of value are people (Genesis 1:26), i.e., those like us. Screw the trees, the sky, the earth, animals, aliens both earthly and otherwise. grrrrr

  9. The Social Criterion seems like a whole mess, honestly. Hoes do you determine who has the power to make someone a person by caring about them? Can't someone care about themselves and therefore make themselves a person? Does "caring" include just general motivation to support an individual's intentions for itself? As in does it include animals who explicitly care about surviving and avoiding harm?

    Also, does that criterion make it possible for people to make inanimate object people just by caring about them??

  10. I feel that if somebody was a person previously, they should still be considered a person even if they do not currently meet the criteria for personhood e.g. people in persistent vegetative states.

  11. 5:04 I like this definition if you cut out everything after the comma. Personhood rly is a societal construct bcs it does not exist anywhere in the natural world— only in our minds. The stuff after the comma messes everything up and is just kinda stupid.

  12. 00:45 Wouldn’t Lex Luther have to be considered a person for us to be able to try him before a court? I think that little bit confused what we consider a person with what we a consider to be a GOOD person.

  13. A person is a being that possesses sentience (the ability to think or feel), which basically means Warren's criteria, OR a being that will eventually develop sentience if allowed to naturally develop.

  14. Take this into consideration: if a computer game was developed wherein the NPC's have full memories of their previous lives, are programmed to react in human ways to all outside stimuli, are capable of carrying on full, intelligent, and empathetic conversations, and are in all manners indiscernible from "real" players in some VR MMO… Would they be considered persons? Would their grief at the murder of their spouse be any less meaningful than yours would be? Their reactions might be nothing more than programming, but aren't our reactions simply the result of our own genetic programming? Just because these NPC's don't have a physical body, are they incapable of feeling pain? Are they still not persons? What about if I were to transfer my conscience from my frail and dying body into a VR world to keep living… Would I be a person still? Should I maintain my physical property, or should my children inherit it because my body died, although my mind lives? At what point does something become or lose personhood? These are important questions to address because my hypothetical situations aren't going to stay science fiction for long

  15. Ernst Mayr liked to discuss the concept of typological thinking and population thinking. Typological thinking has a strict criteria for inclusion in a group, core features. And this is intuitive. But research in biology has shown that breeding populations have a wide range of genetics and thus features. Anyone born of two human parents is fully human themself regardless of their features. Diversity within a population and norms of reaction come to mind.

  16. personhood is not a right that can be stripped!!!! anyone who has in the past tried to justify doing so has always dont it so they can fabricate a moral position to hurt other people from.

  17. A person who loses personhood, for him, time moves very fast, he can't enjoy his life in full or live in moment. This doesn't include those who had got a challenge bigger than their personhood range. For those, adequate philosophies, compensations, and reasonings will be supplied out of nothingness.

  18. A mother is said to have more personhood than a baby only when that mother has clarity about her morality. Otherwise, even she loses it.

  19. That which is made up of human DNA that has the potential of consciousness? It's hard to include reasoning and self awareness and such because then we start getting into euthanasia. This is one of the crazier topics. Love this channel!

  20. Bit of those last 3 episodes: Imagine a murderer who got into car accident. For few weeks was in a coma and after he awakes he has amnesia. How should he be treated by the law / justice system? After that severe brain damage is he still the same person and should be punished for "his" crimes? When in coma is he still a person? What about people with mental issues: split personality, bipolar syndrome, schizophrenia… ?

  21. 5:20 Child abuse and extreme bullying survivor here. I can confirm this view to be true. When you are not recognized as a person be anyone around you, arguing in favour or you being a person is completely useless. Really, the thing is that when a capable, fully functioning human is denied personhood, the morally correct thing to do is to offer a helping hand by caring about that non-person, restoring their personhood in the process. I am eternally grateful for the person who did that to me

  22. Anything that has the potensial to rasoning is a person. This include fetuses, but not brain dead people. Fetuses have the potensial reason, but permanently brain dead people do not. The other is not cause more suffering than necessary. It is okay to kill someone or an animal if it is necessary for your own protection or the survival of the greater good. My own opinion short and simple

  23. Fetuses and infants are people because, if nothing goes awry, they will inevitably develop into humans that meet the criteria for personhood, and to "murder" them would be to deny them the ability to ever develop into full humans.

  24. Children cannot speak for themselves.
    Unborn humans cannot speak for themselves.
    Slaves cannot cannot speak for themselves.

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