But what is a Neural Network? | Deep learning, chapter 1

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Home page: https://www.3blue1brown.com/
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Full playlist: http://3b1b.co/neural-networks

Typo correction: At 14:45, the last index on the bias vector is n, when it’s supposed to in fact be a k. Thanks for the sharp eyes that caught that!

For those who want to learn more, I highly recommend the book by Michael Nielsen introducing neural networks and deep learning: https://goo.gl/Zmczdy

There are two neat things about this book. First, it’s available for free, so consider joining me in making a donation Nielsen’s way if you get something out of it. And second, it’s centered around walking through some code and data which you can download yourself, and which covers the same example that I introduce in this video. Yay for active learning!
https://github.com/mnielsen/neural-networks-and-deep-learning

I also highly recommend Chris Olah’s blog: http://colah.github.io/

For more videos, Welch Labs also has some great series on machine learning:

For those of you looking to go *even* deeper, check out the text “Deep Learning” by Goodfellow, Bengio, and Courville.

Also, the publication Distill is just utterly beautiful: https://distill.pub/

Lion photo by Kevin Pluck

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Animations largely made using manim, a scrappy open source python library. https://github.com/3b1b/manim

If you want to check it out, I feel compelled to warn you that it’s not the most well-documented tool, and has many other quirks you might expect in a library someone wrote with only their own use in mind.

Music by Vincent Rubinetti.
Download the music on Bandcamp:
https://vincerubinetti.bandcamp.com/album/the-music-of-3blue1brown

Stream the music on Spotify:

If you want to contribute translated subtitles or to help review those that have already been made by others and need approval, you can click the gear icon in the video and go to subtitles/cc, then “add subtitles/cc”. I really appreciate those who do this, as it helps make the lessons accessible to more people.
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49 Comments

  1. When you weight between 0 and 1, I'm seeing an analogy to quantum theory. Are there models that make a difference on discreteness of weights? Is a "quantized" weight the very definition of the artificial in artifical/cylon intelligence opposed to natural/human intelligence?

  2. Hi great video and highly informative. I am currently studying Neural Networks and have written my own Neural Network in Java. However, I wish to take it to the next level and implement image recognition.

    My question is: how can I obtain the grayscale value from a single pixel?

  3. It is a good video series that gives a lot of background and a rough understanding, but it is not possible to program a neural network from this.
    I read some of the articles in the description and wrote a simple net in Rust converting 4 bit binary numbers into decimal numbers displayed on a 7-segment display with my son. ( https://github.com/etok414/simple_nn )

    To help me explaining the mathematical details to my son (and as an exercise in Latex) I wrote a 6 page note about backpropagation.
    The note treats the simplest possible network (2 input, 2 neurons and 2 outputs) in painstaiking detail.

    Hope it'll help someone:
    https://github.com/etok414/simple_nn/blob/master/latex/Back_propagation.pdf

  4. Hey Mr. Grant , I am a great fan of yours….I've always found your
    videos so informative and clear..I want to connect with you whether you
    are on Facebook or whats app…..Please e-mail me if you are seeing this
    comment….

    email id- suraj2895@gmail.com

  5. Hey Mr. Grant , I am a great fan of yours….I've always found your
    videos so informative and clear..I want to connect with you whether you
    are on Facebook or whats app…..Please e-mail me if you are seeing this
    comment….

    email id- suraj2895@gmail.com

  6. Hey Mr. Grant , I am a great fan of yours….I've always found your
    videos so informative and clear..I want to connect with you whether you
    are on Facebook or whats app…..Please e-mail me if you are seeing this
    comment….

    email id- suraj2895@gmail.com

  7. Hey Mr. Grant , I am a great fan of yours….I've always found your
    videos so informative and clear..I want to connect with you whether you
    are on Facebook or whats app…..Please e-mail me if you are seeing this
    comment….

    email id- suraj2895@gmail.com

  8. So what you’re telling me is that those “Are You A Robot?” captchas are useless now
    Me: Can't read my own handwritten numbers
    Neural network: I'll help you out

  9. Très beau travail malgres que je ne peux prétendre connaître le sujet j'ai aimé votre façon d'expliquer, mais laissez moi vous dire que tous ces programmes sont dangereux pour l'avenir. C'est utile mais ce n'est pas celà là vrai vie , là on tourne vers le chaos dans un futur proche avec l'IA qui es amélioré sans cesse.
    PS: Regarder le film Enigma c'est un bon film. D'ailleurs comme on peut le voir dans ce film les algorithmes servait à nous défendre à prévoir maintenant il vont servir à contrôler le monde pour avoir le pouvoir ultime comme "Dieu" l'oeil et les oreilles partout et presque même au delà car tous ces calculs servent même à anticiper. J'avais besoin d'écrire tout cela

  10. ? Thumbs down from me from the super annoying background piano while you are talking. Unfortunately, you are not the only one. There are videos about physics which also use this stupid background elevator-style music when someone is talking. WTF. Whoever artist thinks this is necessary, curse you for ruining an otherwise great video.

  11. so i’m colorblind, (duetranopia, occurs in around 10% of white males) so the green and red colors weren’t really distinguishable for me around the ~10 minute mark. just something to think about in the future when making videos that need color

  12. I am a musician and artist. I am GED 6 months of technical college experience. I want to tell you I'm starting to grasp this little by little. I want to learn this. I have been catapulted into this yearning /craving for learning about machine learning via meditation and some. B+ Psilocybin Cubensis experiences. With that said, thank you for sharing your talents and work. I will continue to watch these over and over. Why? I think b/c I'm a creative person and this is creativity. Do we grasp the importance of creativity? In all it's malleable mediums. An individual or group passionate creative process then transcends time and space to connect with the recipient becomming part of their life. Our lives! Traveling some unseen conduit. Landing in our lap's like heart ache and hand grenade's. Art, music and ALL forms of creativity outdate religion, language and government. It's universally personal and the sinew that binds humanity. #ThIsIsNoTThEaLgOrItHiM on YT the Wellrose Hummingbird playlist for my music and slippery.sliding.slope on IG for art. Which I've been using images of neurological images, sound wave images etc to layer my art. Here's a song
    Everything is Aligned https://youtu.be/Ftiw0rUq4es
    And a song I wrote about nature and forgiveness
    https://youtu.be/oWFk98pY-e8
    ?️??⤵️?️. ?️ ⤴️?️?
    ✨. ✨
    ✨. ✨
    ✨?️?⤴️

  13. I remember watching this awhile ago, and after watching this again after watching VSauce's video on this on Minefield, (It's free now btw) this makes a lot of sense now and makes it seem a lot nicer.

  14. I was mindblown when my prof in the lecture showed us that thereis only a 0.34% (or so it was a very low number) error rate for recognizing these handwritten numbers. Because so many numbers look similar in messy handwriting even I have problems to distinguish a messy 1 from a messy 7 or o

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